Cybercrimes

The challenges facing Brazilian legislation in the face of this new type of crime

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis analyzes the main crimes that can be committed in the virtual environment and the challenges faced by Brazilian Criminal Law in dealing with new forms of digital crime. The research addresses illegal behaviors ranging from crimes against honor and property to those that violate sexual dignity, such as revenge porn, virtual rape, and sextortion. It also examines practices such as electronic fraud, data theft, and unauthorized access to computer systems. The study highlights the evolution of Brazilian legislation, including Laws nº 12.737/2012 (Carolina Dieckmann Law), nº 12.965/2014 (Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights), and nº 14.155/2021, which have adapted the legal framework to digital era demands. Methodologically, it adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on bibliographic, documentary, and case-law research, to assess the effectiveness of criminal law and the mechanisms of accountability for individuals and legal entities. The findings indicate that, although Brazil has advanced in legal reforms and public cybersecurity policies—such as the National Cybersecurity Strategy (E-Ciber) and the National Cybersecurity Policy (PNCiber)—significant challenges remain regarding offender identification, international cooperation, and the enforcement of penalties. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous legal adaptation, public awareness, and stronger preventive and repressive measures to ensure a safer and more ethical digital environment.