The role of dentistry in the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the leading nosocomial infections affecting patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), being associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stays. The oral cavity is recognized as a significant entry point and colonization site for pathogenic microorganisms which, in mechanically ventilated patients, can be aspirated into the lungs through the orotracheal tube, thus contributing to the development of infection. In light of this scenario, the present study aimed to analyze the role of hospital dentistry in the prevention of VAP, with a focus on the preventive measures implemented by dentists in intensive care settings. Through a narrative literature review, evidence was gathered regarding the effectiveness of preventive dental practices in reducing the microbial load in the oral cavity and, consequently, the incidence of respiratory infections. The findings highlight the importance of the dentist's role as part of the ICU multidisciplinary team, significantly contributing to patient safety, the prevention of infectious complications, and improved clinical outcomes. The inclusion of hospital dentistry in intensive care units not only ensures appropriate oral care but also emerges as an essential strategy for comprehensive healthcare delivery.