Knowledge of undergraduate dental students in the pediatric dentistry clinic regarding type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune metabolic disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and consequent absolute insulin deficiency. It is one of the most relevant chronic diseases in childhood, requiring continuous monitoring and multidisciplinary care. In pediatric dental care, adequate glycemic control is crucial for preventing systemic and oral complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge among undergraduate dentistry students working in the pediatric dentistry clinic regarding T1DM in childhood and its clinical implications. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study conducted with students in the 6th and 7th periods of the Dentistry program. A structured questionnaire was administered containing questions on the recognition of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises, conduct in the face of complications, requests for capillary blood glucose, the use of anesthetics with vasoconstrictors, and knowledge of oral manifestations associated with T1DM. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in percentages. It was observed that the majority of students perform a targeted anamnesis and recognize signs of hypoglycemia. However, deficiencies were noted regarding the request for capillary blood glucose prior to invasive procedures and the understanding of the bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic control. Furthermore, a portion of the students demonstrated insecurity in managing hyperglycemic crises during clinical care. Although they present satisfactory conceptual knowledge, the undergraduates demonstrate limitations in practical application. The need to strengthen academic training is highlighted, with greater emphasis on safety protocols and clinical training, in order to ensure safer and more qualified pediatric dental care.