Principals main risk factors and predisponence for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Cancer is the disorganized growth of cells that spread to tissues and organs. Its cell division occurs quickly, uncontrollably and aggressively, forming a tumor that spreads to various regions of the body. In the dental context, the proportion of cancer in the oral cavity has been increasing worldwide every year. Therefore, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mouth, also called squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is a malignant neoplasm that originates in the squamous cells present in the mouth and its adjacent structures, being considered the most common malignant neoplasm in this region. Oral squamous cell carcinoma poses serious risks to public health due to its incidence, prevalence and mortality, representing 90 to 95% of oral neoplasms. The main factor is smoking and excessive alcohol consumption is also a risk factor. The combination of smoking and alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of developing this type of cancer. In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly the HPV-16 subtype, is also associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study is to characterize and understand, through a literature review, the main predisposing factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma.