New paradigms in organizations

From human resources to management of people

Abstract

In middle of the XIX century, the new industrial directions were marked bysignificant changes on the productive process by the presence of the mecanized industry were a cenary of great crises and contradictions were the people administration started at the burocratic organizational structures, at the time, called as Industrial Relatrions. This structures were restricted to rigid bureaucratic records and worker behavior control. Cost and efficiecy were the concearns in this inicial fase and emphasis were on the padronization of the work process and in the machines, not on the workers. In the begining of the XXI century, still on this fast industrialization and precarious work conditions context, the man conception was the “homus economicus”, motivated mostely by the salary reward. Based on this context, Taylor introduced the cientific Administration, with time and moviment study, to incrase the produtivity, that is, to emphasize the tasks. In the pressure for production cenary, the workers main problem was the fadigue caused by the standardization of taskes.The fadigue influenced producity, and the challenge was to adapt man to machine in order to avoid pain, fadigue and chronic diseases for production benefit. In the 1930s, the human relations theory arises,a moviment aimed at the organization humanization, as a consequence of the Hawthorne experiment, condemned by Elton Araújo, whoinvestigated working condictions effect on the produtivity, and concluded that the organizations results were obtained, not by environ mental factors, but by psycological factors. It was discovered that the enploymen tbehavior is motivated and influenced by the participation and belong feeling to the informal groups constituted inside the institutions. Within this optics, the personnel departments saw a new man conception crise;the social man, whose experience and produtivity is now motivated by recognition, appreciation and sharing.The emphasis has shifted from tasks to people. Given this facts, it’s necessary to understand how this process was developed.